Industrial wastes

Industrial wastes are unprocessed wastes and byproducts from the food or feed processing industry, as well as from rendering plants.

SELECTION AND DEFINITION

Group of industrial wastes (select):

Animal food processing wastes are unprocessed, unwanted or leftover materials from slaughterhouses, meat packing, dairy, and fish industries, including blood, bones, tissue, and high-strength wastewater.

DATASETS

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 Biomass NameDry matter (DM) content, %Total nitrogen (N), kg per tonNH4-N, kg per tonTotal phosphorus (calculated as pure P) , kg per tonPotassium (calculated as pure K) , kg per tonOrganic matter, % of DMMagnesium (Mg), kg per tonCalcium (Ca), kg per tonSodium (Na), kg per tonCupper (Cu), gram per tonZinc (Zn), gram per tonVS % DM (Volitile Solids)m3 CH4 Pr Ton VSCO2e reduc. ton pr ton VSPrice pr. ton (€)Reference 
Animal by-products92,992,9022,3025,9226,4875,1     75,10   58
Bovine off-cuts (free of Cr) from leather industry96,4101,00 3,500,4094,30,401,702,107,55136,0094,25   39
Bovine off-cuts (with Cr) from leather industry96,1104,00 1,200,4091,90,301,002,006,1551,2091,90   38
Bovine Shavings (free of Cr) from leather industry43,988,60 0,200,3087,40,304,0012,403,4115,5087,4216,78  37
Bovine Shavings (with Cr) from leather industry51,883,38 0,300,3092,00,501,705,607,2318,1091,9614,00  36
Sludges from leather and fur industry7,70,830,090,070,0442,00,093,73 0,682,67    33
Fish silage90,029,0019,601,002,762,2     90,00550,000,69 14
Fat100,0          100,00811,000,69 13
Whey concentrate10,0          90,00350,000,69 5
Whey7,00,520,100,551,80      90,00330,000,69 4
Stomach content, pigs13,03,900,460,990,70      80,00460,000,69 2
Stomach content, cattle12,05,30 0,90       80,00400,000,69 1
Average:  51,7350,948,513,463,6969,270,322,435,535,0044,6988,24366,470,69 23,33 

Used units are:

  • Ton for amount
  • % for dry matter (DM)
  • % of DM for organic matter and VS
  • kg per ton for macro elements (N, NH4-N, P, K, organic C, Mg, Ca and Na)
  • gram per ton for trace elements (Cu and Zn)

The shown values are to be considered as examples, alone, that illustrates the chemical composition for relevant parametres, and as well the variation in the composition. The references must be consulted in each case in order to clarify for instance the analysis method.

REFERENCES AND COMMENTS

Where no other references are made, the source for the CO2 reduction coefficient (CO2e reduc. ton pr ton VS) is: Sven G. Sommer, Henrik B. Møller og Søren O. Pedersen. 2001. Reduktion af drivhusgasemission fra gylle og organisk affald ved biogasbehandling (In English: Reduction of green house gas emission from slurry and organic wastes by biogas treatment). Report No. 31 - Animal Production, from DJF (In English: Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences). 53 pp., Appendix 3, Biogas scenario 2, without subsstitution efftect.

Other references are incicated by: 'Reference number: Reference; Comment'

  • 58: Michaud, A., et al. “EOM4SOIL - Physico-chemical Characteristics of External Organic Matters (EOMs) Database”. Version 1, Zenodo, 22 Oct. 2024, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13969793. /  Please check the reference; the figures may be averages of several analyses and there may be more details than presented here.
  • 39: Kuligowski, Ksawery, Adam Cenian, Izabela Konkol, Lesław Świerczek, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Grzegorz Izydorczyk, Dawid Skrzypczak, and Paulina Bandrów. 2023. "Application of Leather Waste Fractions and Their Biochars as Organic Fertilisers for Ryegrass Growth: Agri-Environmental Aspects and Plants Response Modelling" Energies 16, no. 9: 3883. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093883 /  Material provided by BADER Polska LtD.
  • 38: Kuligowski, Ksawery, Adam Cenian, Izabela Konkol, Lesław Świerczek, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Grzegorz Izydorczyk, Dawid Skrzypczak, and Paulina Bandrów. 2023. "Application of Leather Waste Fractions and Their Biochars as Organic Fertilisers for Ryegrass Growth: Agri-Environmental Aspects and Plants Response Modelling" Energies 16, no. 9: 3883. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093883 /  Material provided by BADER Polska LtD.
  • 37: Kuligowski, Ksawery, Adam Cenian, Izabela Konkol, Lesław Świerczek, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Grzegorz Izydorczyk, Dawid Skrzypczak, and Paulina Bandrów. 2023. "Application of Leather Waste Fractions and Their Biochars as Organic Fertilisers for Ryegrass Growth: Agri-Environmental Aspects and Plants Response Modelling" Energies 16, no. 9: 3883. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093883andKonkol, I.; Swierczek, L.; Wrzesinska-Jedrusiak, E.; Czarnecki, M.; Kuligowski, K.; Cenian, A. Enhancing Biogas Yield from Tanned Shavings: A Preliminary Study on Pretreatment Strategies. Sustainability 2025, 17, 11121. https://doi.org/10.3390/su172411121 /  Material provided by BADER Polska LtD.
  • 36: Kuligowski, Ksawery, Adam Cenian, Izabela Konkol, Lesław Świerczek, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Grzegorz Izydorczyk, Dawid Skrzypczak, and Paulina Bandrów. 2023. "Application of Leather Waste Fractions and Their Biochars as Organic Fertilisers for Ryegrass Growth: Agri-Environmental Aspects and Plants Response Modelling" Energies 16, no. 9: 3883. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16093883andKonkol, I.; Swierczek, L.; Wrzesinska-Jedrusiak, E.; Czarnecki, M.; Kuligowski, K.; Cenian, A. Enhancing Biogas Yield from Tanned Shavings: A Preliminary Study on Pretreatment Strategies. Sustainability 2025, 17, 11121. https://doi.org/10.3390/su172411121 /  Material provided by BADER Polska LtD.
  • 33: Michaud, A., Van Der Smissen, H., Tampio, E., Laakso, J., Levavasseur, F., Barcauskaite, K., Lasorella, V., Criscuoli, I., Asperen, P., Dehaan, J., Jimenez, J., Caradec, L., & Houot, S. (2024). EOM4SOIL - Physico-chemical characteristics of external organic matters (EOMs) database (Version 1) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13969793 /  The values are averages of 3 analysed samples
  • 14: The data source is "Fact sheet for biogas" developed by NIRAS for Energinet.dk in 2012. Aarhus University has validated the data and also provided information about volatile solids and gas potential of the biomasses. The original data can be downloaded from http://implement.nu/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Biogasdatagrundlaget_regneark.pdf. /  The biogas potential is based on either a mesophilic process (38°C) with 25 days retention time, or thermophilic process (53°C) with 17 days retention time and 10 days in storage tank (10% biogas collected in covered after storage tank).
  • 13: The data source is "Fact sheet for biogas" developed by NIRAS for Energinet.dk in 2012. Aarhus University has validated the data and also provided information about volatile solids and gas potential of the biomasses. The original data can be downloaded from http://implement.nu/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Biogasdatagrundlaget_regneark.pdf. /  The biogas potential is based on either a mesophilic process (38°C) with 25 days retention time, or thermophilic process (53°C) with 17 days retention time and 10 days in storage tank (10% biogas collected in covered after storage tank).
  • 5: The data source is "Fact sheet for biogas" developed by NIRAS for Energinet.dk in 2012. Aarhus University has validated the data and also provided information about volatile solids and gas potential of the biomasses. The original data can be downloaded from http://implement.nu/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Biogasdatagrundlaget_regneark.pdf. /  The biogas potential is based on either a mesophilic process (38°C) with 25 days retention time, or thermophilic process (53°C) with 17 days retention time and 10 days in storage tank (10% biogas collected in covered after storage tank).
  • 4: The data source is "Fact sheet for biogas" developed by NIRAS for Energinet.dk in 2012. Aarhus University has validated the data and also provided information about volatile solids and gas potential of the biomasses. The original data can be downloaded from http://implement.nu/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Biogasdatagrundlaget_regneark.pdf. /  The biogas potential is based on either a mesophilic process (38°C) with 25 days retention time, or thermophilic process (53°C) with 17 days retention time and 10 days in storage tank (10% biogas collected in covered after storage tank).
  • 2: The data source is "Fact sheet for biogas" developed by NIRAS for Energinet.dk in 2012. Aarhus University has validated the data and also provided information about volatile solids and gas potential of the biomasses. The original data can be downloaded from http://implement.nu/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Biogasdatagrundlaget_regneark.pdf. /  The biogas potential is based on either a mesophilic process (38°C) with 25 days retention time, or thermophilic process (53°C) with 17 days retention time and 10 days in storage tank (10% biogas collected in covered after storage tank).
  • 1: The data source is "Fact sheet for biogas" developed by NIRAS for Energinet.dk in 2012. Aarhus University has validated the data and also provided information about volatile solids and gas potential of the biomasses. The original data can be downloaded from http://implement.nu/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Biogasdatagrundlaget_regneark.pdf. /  The biogas potential is based on either a mesophilic process (38°C) with 25 days retention time, or thermophilic process (53°C) with 17 days retention time and 10 days in storage tank (10% biogas collected in covered after storage tank).